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The Parts of Life Agricultural Biodiversity, Indigenous Knowledge, and the Role of the Third System By Pat Roy Mooney
Development Dialogue is published by the Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation.
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This is RAFI's first annual update on the "Life Industry" - the giant transnational enterprises that use, buy, sell and control an ever-growing market share of bio-industrial products relating to food, agriculture and health. A list of the top 10 corporations, ranked by 1995 sales, is given for each sector.
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Rápida vuelta atrás en la Patente sobre el Soya ONGs Ecuatorianas Detienen Tratado Bilateral de Propiedad Intelectual con U.S.A. Algodón Bt de Monsanto "Fracasa en el campo"
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Pharmaceutical firms and biotech companies are approaching botanical gardens to buy samples of tropical plant diversity - a clear violation of the spirit - if not the law - of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The rights of farmers and indigenous peoples are being bypassed by corporate deals that make a mockery of the CBD's fundamental principles.
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RAFI reviews the context, issues, events and strategies leading up to the Fourth Technical Conference on Plant Genetic Resources in Leipzig, 17-23 June 1996. A 12 page document.
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Draft World Food Summit Declaration and Plan of Action Entrenches Food Insecurity – but the Debate is Far from Over
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Human Tissue Collection Initiatives by the U.S. Military; Colombian Indigenous Peoples' Cells in the U.S.; Accompanying maps showing cell collections inColombia and Papua New Guinea
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Iniciativa de colectas de tejido humano del Ejército de Estados Unidos; células colombianas de indígenas en EE.UU, mapas sobre puntos de colecta en Papua Nueva Guinea y en Colombia.
Nadie controla ni monitorea el flujo transfronterizo de recursos genéticos humanos entre investigadores militares y civiles, que se da de forma irrestricta. El patentamiento de una línea celular de una persona de la cultura Hagahai de Papua Nueva Guinea, revela las deficiencias éticas y de derechos humanos en la investigación médica y en los protocolos intergubernamentales.
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RAFI's survey of agricultural biodiversity reveals that 75% of ex situ genetic resources and technology are held in the North, while 83% of in-situ genetic resources and technology are held in the South. Multilateral regimes for agricultural biodiversity management must insure that proceeds from biodiversity benefits go to the South's farmers.
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La prospección de la biodiversidad es la exploración, extracción y análisis de los recursos genéticos y biológicos, en sí mismos y en relación a los conocimientos indígenas, para evaluar su posible aplicación industrial como recursos genéticos y bioquímicos de alto valor comercial. En la amplia mayoría de los casos, RAFI los denomina casos de "biopiratería".
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ISSUE: Biodiversity prospecting is the exploration, extraction and screening of biological diversity and indigenous knowledge for commercially valuable genetic and biochemical resources. Bilateral bioprospecting agreements are sanctioned by the multilateral Convention on Biological Diversity. In the vast majority of cases, however, commercial bioprospecting agreements cannot be effectively monitored or enforced by source communities, countries, or by the Convention, and amount to little more than "legalized" bio-piracy.
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RAFI examines plant utility patents granted by the US Patent and Trademark Office from 1985 through mid-1995. Utility plant patenting is a threat to world food security; exceedingly broad patents on biological materials and the processes used to manipulate them are "locking up" new plant biotechnologies in the hands of a small number of corporations.
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This issue looks at biopiracy case studies around the world including super-sweet brazzein from Gabon; the Foundation for Ethnobiology in Thailand; Peruvian indigenous peoples' rejection of Washington University's ICBG project; and more. A detailed list of bioprospecting and biopiracy activities (as of early 1996) is also included.
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Este informe analiza estudios de casos en varias partes del mundo, entre ellos, la brazzeina super-dulce de Gabón, la Fundación para la Etnobiología en Tailandia, el rechazo de pueblos indígenas al proyecto ICBG de la Universidad de Washington en Perú y otros. Se incluye también una lista detallada de actividades de biopiratería y bioprospección (hasta 1996).
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Phytophtora infestans, also known as the "late potato blight" is the fungus that caused the Great Potato Famine of 1845-49. One hundred and fifty years later, the blight is back again in new and deadlier forms. Will governments muster the political will to wage a true war against hunger and food insecurity? A nine page document.
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